Ricerca e collezioni

Contributions to the knowledge of the genus Hieracium L. s. l. (Compositae) in the province of Belluno (Italy)
Intensive field studies in the Province of Belluno (Veneto, Italy) yielded over 2000 herbarium specimens. Furthermore, 889 specimens of the historical Hieracium collection of the herbarium of the University of Padua (PAD) were examined. As a result, two new species (Hieracium falcadense, H. padonense) and three new subspecies (H. glabratum subsp. valparolae, H. polatschekii subsp. elocatigenum and H. racemosum subsp. leiopsiforme) are newly described for science.
The names of Hieracium pallescens subsp. poperae, H. pallescens subsp. pseudoreites and H. pallescens subsp. sentinellae, published after 1 January 1935 only with a German description and thus invalid, are validated.
Hieracium armerioides var. phaeocephalum is raised to subspecies rank and the name is lectotypyfied.
Hieracium aurantiacum subsp. flavicolor and H. sphaerocephalum subsp. vittatiflorum are transferred to the genus Pilosella.
Hieracium antholzense, H. murorum subsp. nemorense, H. oligodon, H. pallescens subsp. anthyllidifolium, H. pseudobupleuroides, H. valdepilosum subsp. subalpinum and H. valdepilosum subsp. subsinuatum are new records for the province of Belluno.

 
Als Ergebnis intensiver Feldstudien in der Provinz Belluno (Venetien, Italien), aus denen über 2000 Herbarbelege resultierten und durch Revision der historischen, die Provinz Belluno betreffenden Hieracium-Sammlung des Herbariums der Universität Padua (PAD) (889 Belege) werden zwei neue Arten (Hieracium falcadense, H. padonense) und drei neue Unterarten (H. glabratum subsp. valparolae, H. polatschekii subsp. elocatigenum und H. racemosum subsp. leiopsiforme) neu für die Wissenschaft beschrieben.
Die Namen von Hieracium pallescens subsp. poperae, H. pallescens subsp. pseudoreites und H. pallescens subsp. sentinellae, nach dem 1.1.1935 nur mit deutscher Beschreibung publiziert und damit ungültig, werden validiert.
Hieracium armerioides var. phaeocephalum wird in den Unterartrang erhoben und der Name lektotypisiert.
Hieracium aurantiacum subsp. flavicolor und H. sphaerocephalum subsp. vittatiflorum werden in die Gattung Pilosella versetzt.
Neu für die Provinz Belluno sind Hieracium antholzense, H. murorum subsp. nemorense, H. oligodon, H. pallescens subsp. anthyllidifolium, H. pseudobupleuroides, H. valdepilosum subsp. subalpinum und H. valdepilosum subsp. subsinuatum.

Three bryophyte species (Cephaloziella colombae, Hydrogonium amplexifolium, Tortella angustifolia) are new to Italy, three species (Fossombronia wondraczekii, Pseudomoerckia blyttii, and Tortella pseudofragilis) are new to the Trentino-Alto Adige region, and Riccia bifurca is recorded with certainty for the first time in the region. Six species are new to South Tyrol: Peltolepis quadrata, Riccia cavernosa, Campylopus introflexus, Grimmia arenaria, Schistidium marginale and Tortella alpicola, and for Tortella fleischeri a first reliable record for South Tyrol is provided. Grimmia atrata was last recorded 160 years ago (also the first recent record for Italy). Nowellia curvifolia, Dicranum tauricum, Meesia minor and Pohlia obtusifolia were found again after more than 120 years, Sciuro-hypnum latifolium after more than 110 years and Mylia taylorii after 100 years. Other rare or otherwise interesting species in South Tyrol and Italy are Anastrepta orcadensis, Gymnomitrion revolutum, Hygrohypnum styriacum, Mnium spinulosum, Pseudostereodon procerrimus, Rhizogemma staphylina, Sciuro-hypnum curtum, Tortella commutata and T. tortuosa s. str. The number of bryophyte taxa known from South Tyrol increases from 933 to 950.

Drei Moosarten (Cephaloziella colombae, Hydrogonium amplexifolium, Tortella angustifolia) werden erstmals für Italien genannt, drei Arten (Fossombronia wondraczekii, Pseudomoerckia blyttii und Tortella pseudofragilis) sind neu für die Region Trentino-Südtirol und für Riccia bifurca wird ein erster sicherer Nachweis für die Region erbracht. Sechs Arten sind neu für Südtirol: Peltolepis quadrata, Riccia cavernosa, Campylopus introflexus, Grimmia arenaria, Schistidium marginale und Tortella alpicola. Für Tortella fleischeri wird ein erster sicherer Nachweis für Südtirol erbracht. Für Grimmia atrata liegt der letzte Nachweis 160 Jahre zurück (auch erster aktueller Nachweis für Italien).
Für Nowellia curvifolia, Dicranum tauricum, Meesia minor und Pohlia obtusifolia wird ein Nachweis nach über 120 Jahren erbracht, für Sciuro-hypnum latifolium nach 110 und für Mylia taylorii nach über 100 Jahren. Weitere Funde von seltenen oder anderweitig interessanten Arten, wie Anastrepta orcadensis, Gymnomitrion revolutum, Hygrohypnum styriacum, Mnium spinulosum, Pseudostereodon procerrimus, Rhizogemma staphylina, Sciuro-hypnum curtum, Tortella commutata und T. tortuosa s. str., werden angeführt. Die Anzahl der aus Südtirol bekannten Moostaxa steigt von bisher 933 auf 950.

„Wer fragt schon den Hirten?“ Dieser Ausstellungskatalog stellt Hirtinnen und Hirten im Projektgebiet Südtirol,
Bayern und Österreich die großen und die kleinen Fragen. LIFEstockProtect hat einige Hirtinnen und Hirten seit
2020 begleitet und versteht ihr Wissen, ihre Leidenschaft und ihre Professionalität als einen Teil der Lösung, die
Weidetierhaltung auf den Almen/Alpen zu erhalten, und dies nicht nur um eine sehr lange Tradition zu bewahren.
Den anderen Teil der Lösung – Rahmenbedingungen, Organisation und Finanzierung, Rechtfertigung des
Aufwands und Zukunftsfähigkeit der Gras-bezogenen Tierhaltung – erklären Fachleute aus unterschiedlichen
Erfahrungsbereichen und Perspektiven.

„Chi chiede mai l‘opinione del pastore?“ Questo catalogo raccoglie grandi e piccole domande poste a pastori
e pastore che lavorano nell‘area del progetto, ovvero in Alto Adige, Baviera e Austria. Dal 2020 LIFEstockProtect
ne ha affiancati alcuni e ha individuato nelle loro conoscenze, nella loro passione e nella loro professionalità
una parte della soluzione per preservare il pascolo degli animali su alpi e alpeggi, non solo allo scopo di difendere
una tradizione millenaria. L‘altra parte della soluzione – condizioni generali, organizzazione e finanziamento,
giustificazione dello sforzo e sostenibilità dell‘allevamento a pascolo – è spiegata, da varie prospettive, da
esperti ed esperte con bagagli esperienziali diversi

Faunistic note – Rediscovery of Rosalia alpina (Linnaeus, 1758) in South Tyrol
In 2021, Rosalia alpina was confirmed in South Tyrol for the first time in over 90 years. The disappearance of this species, once relatively common in South Tyrol and frequently documented in the 19th century, is thought to be linked primarily to the unfavorable management of beech forests. The current and historical occurrences of the species are discussed.

Strumigenys baudueri (Emery, 1875) is reported for the first time from South Tyrol, Italy. Workers from two locations were captured from soil core samples using the
Berlese method. The individuals originated from a cultivated vineyard and a dry grassland of low altitude in the Adige / Etsch Valley and were previously misidentified and reported as Strumigenys argiola (Emery, 1869).

With the present faunistic note we report the first observation of an established population of Leptophyes punctatissima (Bosc, 1792) in South Tyrol from Neustift / Novacella, far off from urban areas. The species was recorded over two seasons at the same site with several individuals. Additionally, one new record by the authors is reported for the urban area of Bruneck / Brunico and two findings from citizen science platforms are reported and discussed.

The catalogue of the vascular plants of South Tyrol: additions and corrections (12)
This 12th edition of the series presents a total of 21 new or definitively confirmed taxa for the flora of South Tyrol. Microthlaspi erraticum and Orobanche lycoctoni are native species, which have been overlooked so far. In the case of O. lycoctoni, we discovered that the species had already been collected at the same locality in the 19th century, deposited in foreign herbaria and revised with suspicion of belonging to O. lycoctoni. Genista sagittalis, which is found in a very limited population and very isolated from the nearest occurrences, is probably native as it grows in a very natural and typical habitat.
Among the clearly non-native species, Chaerophyllum bulbosum is considered as locally established, while Bellevalia romana, Cynoglossum amabile, C. creticum, Dipsacus strigosus, Himantoglossum robertianum, Hyacinthoides non-scripta × hispanica, Hyacinthus orientalis, Juglans nigra, Olea europaea, Oxalis articulata, and Vitis ×novae-angliae are classified as casual.
The stability of the population and the status of naturalization, respectively, is unclear for the non-native Cornus sanguinea subsp. australis, Cyperus eragrostis, Cyrtomium „fortunei“, Passiflora caerulea, and Vitis ×koberi.
The native species Arabis collina and Asperula taurina, of which no recent data were available, are reconfirmed, as well as the non-native and ephemeral species Bromus madritensis and Physocarpus opulifolius that have not been observed in South Tyrol for some time. Likewise, we succeeded in reconfirming, or rather definitively confirming, the taxonomically critical Vitis vinifera subsp. sylvestris. Its status – native (i.e., archaeophytic) or non-native – remains, however, to be clarified.
In addition to the new and reconfirmed species mentioned above, there are also new and remarkable findings of some native species otherwise well documented. New records of very isolated occurrences are given for Callianthemum coriandrifolium, Chamaecytisus purpureus, Dryopteris villarii, and Ononis rotundifolia and new distribution data are also available for the neo-native Adenostyles leucophylla. Bupleurum stellatum is confirmed for the Martell Valley, the only current distribution area of the species in South Tyrol; further findings show an obviously wider distribution in this area than previously assumed.
A targeted search for the two FFH species Liparis loeselii and Saxifraga tombeanensis revealed that both species are not extinct in South Tyrol, as had been feared after years of non-confirmation. In the case of Liparis in particular, we have succeeded in discovering a large and high-altitude population that is of enormous conservation value not only for South Tyrol but for Italy as a whole.

As part of a dissertation project several Middle Triassic profile sections were recorded within the Tirolic Nappe System in Upper Austria (central Northern Calcareous Alps). This is in first line the Staufen-Höllengebirge Unit (Nappe), which arises within the investigated area between the outer Salzkammergut region and the Reichraming Hintergebirge mountain-range. Two different Middle Triassic stratigraphic successions have been distinct: (a) in the north a platform-related succession with a thick pile of lagoonal Wetterstein limestone of Ladinian age, and (b) slightly to the south a basin-related stratigraphic succession with a broad belt consisting of basinal deposits of the Reifling- and Raming formations and a thick Carnian Wetterstein reef-limestone on top.

A peat bog section of 400–620 cm depth has been pollen analytically investigated. It comprises a period from ca. 15.600–ca. 5.480 cal yr BP, i. e., the end of the Oldest Dryas chronozone to the onset of the Subboreal chronozone. During the Late-glacial warm periods of the Bölling and Alleröd chronozones, the reafforestation started with pine (Pinus sylvestris/P. mugo) forest steppe with common birch (Betula pendula, possibly partly with B. nana), Artemisia, Juniperus, and Hippophaë. At the forest limit, Swiss stone pine (Pinus cembra) and European larch (Larix decidua) were probably present. Ephedra, Chenopodiaceae and Poaceae formed a rock steppe vegetation. During the Younger Dryas cold phase, a short recession of pine forest and a revival of steppe vegetation has been recognized. During the onset of the Holocene (Preboreal chronozone), pine forest reached its maximal range. At the transition Preboreal/Boreal, the coniferous forest vegetation changed basically after immigration of Norway spruce (Picea abies) in the montane belt and because of the spread of mixed oak forest (with Ostrya) in the colline belt. During the Boreal chronozone the maximum range of hazel (Corylus avellana), Scots pine/mountain pine (Pinus sylvestris/P. mugo) forest and mixed oak forests (with Ulmus, Quercus, Tilia, Acer, Fraxinus excelsior) recessed in advantage of the newly immigrated Norway spruce forests which reached its maximal range in the montane belt.
At the transition from the Boreal/Older Atlantic chronozone silver fir (Abies alba) and beech (Fagus sylvatica) immigrated. During the Older Atlantic, silver fir and Norway spruce forest dominated in the montane belt, whereas mixed oak forest declined, probably due to shade concurrence of silver fir and beech. Later, during Younger Atlantic, Scots pine/mountain pine, Swiss stone pine and European larch were again more abundant compared to Norway spruce, silver fir, beech and mixed oak forest, presumably because of a cooler Holocene climate oscillation. The youngest peat bog section, probably the onset of the Subboreal period, gives evidence of a montane silver fir-Norway spruce forest close to the peat bog zone (more stomata of needles). At the forest limit Scots pine/mountain pine were growing with Swiss stone pine and European larch. The present montane beech-silver fir forest of Oberfennberg established later, during the younger Holocene.